Free Module 3 · Urinary tract infections

Urethritis and sexually transmitted infections

Author and medical review: Dr. Leonardo Romeo, urologist (physician) · Last updated: September 29, 2026

Introduction

Definition Inflammation/infection of the urethra, frequently linked to sexually transmitted infections.

Video lesson

▶

Video pending upload (embedded YouTube)

Summary

Clinical presentation

Urethral discharge.
Dysuria.
Urethral itching or discomfort.
Sometimes few symptoms.

Main microorganisms

Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Chlamydia trachomatis.
Mycoplasma genitalium.

An essential question: sexual history

It should be taken respectfully, confidentially and without judgment.

Diagnosis

NAAT/PCR is essential. A first-void urine or urethral sample is recommended in men.

Don't forget

Managing a sexually transmitted infection does not end with the antibiotic: it includes the patient, their sexual partners, testing for other STIs, and prevention.

PDF

⬇ Download module guide (PDF)

Urinary tract infections — Guide for Medicine: uncomplicated and complicated UTI, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, epididymitis/orchitis, urethritis and STIs, urine culture interpretation, and rational antibiotic use (all 8 topics of the module in a single document).

Practical algorithm

Content pending upload The general algorithm for the whole module (patient with urinary symptoms → localized vs. systemic UTI → management) is developed in the lesson "Rational antibiotic use" (block 5).

Clinical case

Content pending upload Progressive presentation of the case — the student makes decisions as it unfolds.

Self-assessment

Questions pending upload 5–10 multiple-choice questions on this lesson.

References

Content pending upload The specific references for this lesson will be added.

Want us to let you know when this lesson is complete?

All set, we'll let you know! 🎉

← Back to program Next lesson: Interpreting the urine culture →