Introduction

Learning objectives

Differentiate low-risk from high-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes.
Recognize the clinical presentation of condylomata.
Understand the role of vaccination as a preventive tool.

Video lesson

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Video pending upload (embedded YouTube)

Summary

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.

There are numerous genotypes.

Low-risk oncogenic HPV

Some types are mainly associated with anogenital warts or condylomata.

High-risk oncogenic HPV

Other genotypes are associated with the development of various malignancies, including:

cervical cancer;
anal cancer;
penile cancer;
some oropharyngeal cancers.

Condylomata

They usually present as lesions that are:

exophytic;
papillary;
single or multiple;
located on the genitalia or perianal region.

Treatment

There are different options depending on:

number;
size;
location;
patient characteristics.

Topical treatments or ablative/surgical procedures may be used in selected patients.

Removing a visible wart does not necessarily mean immediately eliminating the viral infection.

Prevention

HPV vaccination is one of the main preventive tools.

Key concept

HPV is a viral infection; condyloma is one of its possible clinical manifestations.

PDF

⬇ Download lesson summary

Downloadable PDF pending upload.

Practical algorithm

Urethral discharge + dysuria → think of urethritis → gonococcus/Chlamydia among the main causes.
Painless genital ulcer → consider syphilis.
Painful vesicles or ulcers → consider genital herpes.
Anogenital warts → consider HPV/condylomata.
Epididymal pain in a sexually active patient → consider STIs depending on age and context, but rule out torsion in an acute scrotum.
Diagnosis of an STI → consider testing for other STIs + partner management + prevention.
Recent high-risk HIV exposure → promptly assess the indication for PEP.

An STI is not managed only by treating the patient. The approach includes correct diagnosis, screening for coinfections when appropriate, partner management and prevention of further transmission.

Clinical case

Content pending upload Progressive clinical case focused on decision-making.

Self-assessment

Questions pending upload 5–10 multiple-choice questions on this lesson.

References

Links pending upload References to PubMed, DOI, scientific society guidelines and journals.

HPV and genital warts